He had been angered by the selling of indulgences by Johann Tetzel. The Spanish under Cortes conquer Mexico. In , Spain conquers Peru under Pizarro. These major events make Spain a world power of the time, and the influence of their armies, Catholicism and wealth is felt in both the New World and in Europe, leading to the Golden Age of Spain.
Aug 10, Megellan dies during the voyage, but 18 of the crew return to Spain in This gave proof that the Earth was round and much larger than Columbus had estimated.
Jan 28, He refuses to recant and is declared an outlaw. However, Luther is too famous at this point to be killed. Apr 24, He is assassinated after Phillip II offers a reward for his death.
Dec 13, Lasts until The Catholic council rejects Lutheran and Calvinist positions but does strengthen ecclesiastical discipline within its dioceses. Jul 25, The reign of Phillip II of Spain begins. The Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China, and becomes the first western student of Chinese civilization.
Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland on behalf of England's queen Elizabeth. Go to Gilbert, Sir Humphrey c. Go to Raleigh, Sir Walter c. The local tribe of Indians, the Secotan, welcome the English visitors, offering them a profusion of meat, fish, fruit and vegetables in return for hatchets and axes.
England's queen Elizabeth sends troops to support the Dutch rebels against Spain. Catholics are now the martyrs in England, their numbers almost matching the Protestant martyrs of the previous reign.
Go to martyr in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina, is settled by the first English colonists in America — with disastrous results. Mary Queen of Scots, implicated in the Babington plot, is beheaded in Fotheringay castle.
Marlowe's first play, Tamburlaine the Great , introduces the swaggering blank verse of Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. Venice opens the first modern bank the Banco della Piazza di Rialto for safe deposits and credit transfers. Go to Venice in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. A new group of English settlers arrives at Roanoke Island and makes a second attempt at a settlement.
Francis Drake sails into a crowded Cadiz harbour and destroys some thirty Spanish ships. Nicholas Hilliard paints the delightful miniature known simply as Young Man among Roses. Go to Abbas I — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
The House of Orange becomes the leading family of the new Dutch republic. Go to Orange, House of in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
The shogun's Tea Master awards a gold seal with the one word raku 'felicity' to a beautiful bowl, thus naming Japan's most famous ware. Seven provinces of the northern Netherlands consider themselves a new republic - the United Provinces. The more nimble English fleet destroys the galleons of the Spanish Armada, introducing a new kind of naval warfare. The tactics used against the Armada reveal that the sailing ships themselves have become fighting machines, as men-of-war.
An English clergyman, William Lee, develops the world's first industrial machinery, to knit stockings. Royal or real tennis is so popular in France that there are now said to be courts in Paris alone.
Go to real tennis noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. Serfdom is introduced in Russia by Boris Godunov, whose measures tie the peasants to the land. Go to serfdom in A Dictionary of British History 1 rev ed. An English ship, the first to arrive at Roanoke Island since , finds no remaining trace of the settlers or their settlement. Arjan, the fifth Sikh guru, builds many gurdwaras and commences the holy city of Amritsar. Go to gurdwara noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed.
Zacharias Janssen, a spectacle maker in the Dutch town of Middelburg, creates the first microscope. Go to Lippershey, Hans c. The dome of St Peter's is finished, completing nearly a century of construction on Europe's largest church. Willem Barents sets off on the first of his three expeditions to find a passage to the east through the waters north of Russia. Go to Barents, Willem c. Go to Confucius in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed.
A year after Mercator's death, his son publishes a bound collection of his maps with the title Atlas, or Cosmographic Meditations.
Go to Mercator, Gerardus —94 in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The first Dutch expedition round the Cape reaches Java and secures trading agreements. Go to Java in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin begins work classifying plants on a new binomial system of nomenclature. Dafne is performed in Florence, becoming the first example of a new art form - opera. Go to Daphne in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. A manuscript, the Guildford Book of Court, uses the word 'creckett' for a game played in a Guildford school.
Go to cricket in A Dictionary of British History 1 rev ed. Shah Abbas builds up Isfahan as a spectacular new capital of the Persian empire. James VI of Scotland argues in an anonymous book that kings, appointed by God, are above human law. The Globe, where many of Shakespeare's plays are first performed, is built on Bankside in London.
The Yoruba develop an extensive empire centred on Oyo in southern Nigeria. Go to Yoruba in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth, concludes that the earth is a magnet and coins the term 'magnetic pole'. Go to magnetic pole in A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation 1 ed.
A performance in the Oratory in Rome, with music by Emilio de' Cavalieri, is in effect the first oratorio. Go to oratorio noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. Electricity is given its name in the Latin phrase vis electrica by the English physician, William Gilbert.
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Oxford Reference. Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. Timeline: 16th century Years: c. Read More. Year Event c. See this event in other timelines: 15th century Printing Prints Technology Germany.
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See this event in other timelines: Science Life sciences Switzerland. See this event in other timelines: 17th century Politics Africa West Africa. All rights reserved. Sign in to annotate. Delete Cancel Save. Cancel Save. Publisher: HistoryWorld. The people of Benin begin a lasting tradition of sculpture in brass, melted down from objects brought by traders Go to Benin, Kingdom of in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed.
See this event in other timelines: 15th century Religion Asia South Asia India the subcontinent The first watches, made in Nuremberg, are spherical clocks about three inches in diameter, worn usually on a ribbon round the neck Go to clocks and watches in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 1 ed.
See this event in other timelines: 15th century Technology Inventions and discoveries Germany The first modern lock gates are installed on a canal in Milan, probably designed by Leonardo da Vinci Go to Leonardo da Vinci — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. See this event in other timelines: Renaissance 15th century Italian Renaissance Arts Decorative arts Italian art Europe Italy Leonardo argues that fossils in rocks far above the sea imply not the effects of the Flood but a change in the level of an ancient sea bed Go to Leonardo da Vinci — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Commerce and industry European empires from European empires in Africa Portuguese empire Africa South Africa Europe Society Empires European diseases bring death on a massive scale to an American population that has no immunity Go to Aboriginals and European diseases in The Oxford Companion to Canadian History 1 ed. See this event in other timelines: 15th century Politics Conquest and colonization Medicine European empires from Europe Empires Latin America The Salic law, preventing inheritance of the throne by or through a woman, is by now accepted as a fundamental law of France Go to Salic law in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed.
See this event in other timelines: 15th century Europe France In Cuzco's great temple, the sacrifices are usually of llamas, occasionally of humans Go to Inca in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed.
Vasco da Gama wins a trading treaty for Portuguese merchants after bombarding the Indian port of Calicut into submission Go to da Gama, Vasco c. The editor of a pamphlet proposes that the recently found continent should be named America after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci Go to Vespucci, Amerigo — in The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea 2 ed.
Raphael begins work on the frescoes in the pope's apartment in the Vatican, known as the Stanze 'Rooms' Go to Raphael — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The earliest surviving curling stone, discovered in Scotland, dates from this year Go to curling in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
See this event in other timelines: Renaissance Arts Painting Switzerland Europe's new printing presses make possible the first pamphlet war, spreading instant arguments for and against the Reformation Go to Reformation in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. See this event in other timelines: Politics Europe France Eighty distinguished Swedish citizens are executed together on the main square, in what becomes known as the Stockholm Bloodbath Go to Stockholm Bloodbath in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation 1 ed.
See this event in other timelines: Politics Persecution and repression Religion Christianity Islam Europe Spain The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America Go to conquistadores in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed.
See this event in other timelines: Reformation Religion Christianity Battles Switzerland Francisco Pizarro leads men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire Go to Pizarro, Francisco — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. See this event in other timelines: Europe France Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive Go to Pizarro, Francisco — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian Go to Atahualpa in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. See this event in other timelines: Politics Conquest and colonization European empires from Portuguese empire Asia South Asia India the subcontinent Europe Empires Paris wakes up to find Protestant placards all over the place, mocking the sacrament of the mass Go to Protestantism in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus publishes a book suggesting that the earth moves round the sun Go to Deep Space 1 in A Dictionary of Astronomy 2 rev ed. See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Europe Russia The first book describing the game of draughts, or checkers, is published in Spain Go to draughts noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed.
Africans, bought in the Portuguese trading posts of west Africa, are shipped across the Atlantic as slaves Go to slave trade, African in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. See this event in other timelines: Politics Dynasties and royalty Asia East Asia The tinderbox provides a new way of making fire - with just flint, steel and tinder Go to flint noun in Oxford Dictionary of English 3 ed. A book to teach good handwriting is published by Gianfrancesco Cresci, with examples engraved on copper plates Go to Cresci, Gianfrancesco Giovanni Francesco c.
He was 30 years old she just 13 when she reached Scotland for a wedding which a hundred years later would put a Scottish king on the English throne. On the first day of his accession he arrested his fathers most hated ministers Empson and Dudley, they were tried and executed. In June he married Catherine of Aragon. Magellan's crew he was murdered in the Phillipines brought his ship home across the Indian Ocean, round the Cape of Good Hope back to Spain.
This book urges King Henry of a north west passage to Asia. Now painting was almost entirely in the hands of foreigners. Art Act of Supremacy. Within 24hrs of the execution Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour; dissolution of monasteries in England begins St James Palace Westminster built Architecture - Dissolution of the monasteries Dissolution of the monasteries and nunneries in order to fund the government.
His inspiration Holbein. Art - England becomes a Protestant nation. England becomes a Protestant nation with an English Bible and prayer book. They were all sent to the Tower. A rebellion against the marriage of Queen Mary and Philip of Spain. The object of the rising was to dethrone Mary in favour of her sister Elizabeth.
Protestants are persecuted and about , including Cranmer, are burned at the stake Stationers Company London charted Mercantile Death of Queen Mary Royalty Elizabeth is crowned Queen of England Royalty Repeal of Catholic legislation in England Law Custom House built Mercantile Act of Supremacy This act declared the Sovereign to be supreme of all persons and causes, ecclesiastical as well as civil within this realm.
There is a suspicion he was murdered by Earl of Bothwell and that he and Mary Queen of Scots were lovers. She then marries Bothwell, is imprisoned, and forced to abdicate. It vanishes without a trace by Science Galileo invents a water thermometer. Science John Napier discovers and develops the logarithm, a brilliant method of simplifying difficult computations. Science John Gerards 'Herbal' is published.
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