The 6-in-1 vaccine offered to all babies when they are 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age includes a vaccine against hepatitis B. Babies at risk of developing hepatitis B infection from infected mothers are given extra doses of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, 4 weeks and 1 year of age.
Although the risk of hepatitis B is low in the UK, children and adults in high-risk groups are also offered the vaccine. People who are at risk of getting hepatitis B or developing serious complications from it should consider being vaccinated.
These groups include:. All babies in the UK born on or after 1 August are given 3 doses of hepatitis B-containing vaccine as part of the NHS routine vaccination schedule. These doses are given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Babies at high risk of developing hepatitis B infection from infected mothers are given additional doses of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, 4 weeks and 1 year of age.
If you think you're at risk and need the hepatitis B vaccine, ask your GP to vaccinate you, or visit any sexual health or genitourinary medicine GUM clinic. If your GP or nurse is unable to offer you the hepatitis B vaccine because of a temporary shortage in supply, you may need to wait longer for the vaccine.
For more information, read What to do if you have to wait for a dose of hepatitis B vaccine PDF, kb. If your job places you at risk of hepatitis B infection, it's your employer's responsibility to arrange vaccination for you, rather than your GP.
Contact your occupational health department. Full protection involves having 3 injections of the hepatitis B vaccine at the recommended intervals. Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B? Is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended before international travel? Is the hepatitis B vaccine safe? Can I get hepatitis B from being vaccinated?
Is it harmful to have an extra dose of hepatitis B vaccine or to repeat the entire hepatitis B vaccine series? What should be done if hepatitis B vaccine series was not completed? Who should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine? What is a booster dose, and do I need one? Is there a vaccine that will protect me from both hepatitis A and hepatitis B? Can I get the hepatitis B vaccine at the same time as other vaccines? Where can I get the hepatitis B vaccine?
Does acute hepatitis B cause symptoms? What are the symptoms of acute short-term hepatitis B? How soon after exposure to the hepatitis B virus will symptoms appear, and how long do they last?
Can a person spread hepatitis B without having symptoms? What are the symptoms of chronic hepatitis B? How serious is chronic long-term hepatitis B? How do I know if I have hepatitis B? What should I do after learning that I have hepatitis B? How is acute short-term hepatitis B treated? How is chronic hepatitis B treated? What can people with chronic hepatitis B do to take care of their liver?
Pregnant Women and their Newborns. Are pregnant women tested for hepatitis B? If a pregnant woman has hepatitis B, is there a way to prevent her baby from getting hepatitis B? Why is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended for all babies? Hepatitis B Overview What is hepatitis?
An estimated million people are living with hepatitis B worldwide. Hepatitis B Transmission How is hepatitis B spread? Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B is not usually spread through food or water. Although anyone can get hepatitis B, these people are at greater risk: Infants born to infected mothers People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of drug equipment Sex partners of people with hepatitis B Men who have sex with men People who live with someone who has hepatitis B Health-care and public-safety workers exposed to blood on the job Hemodialysis patients Who should be tested for hepatitis B?
CDC recommends hepatitis B testing for: People born in certain countries where hepatitis B is common People born in the United States not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in countries with high rates of hepatitis B Men who have sex with men People who inject drugs People with HIV Household and sexual contacts of people with hepatitis B People requiring immunosuppressive therapy People with end-stage renal disease including hemodialysis patients People with hepatitis C People with elevated ALT levels Pregnant women Infants born to HBV-infected mothers What should I do if I think I have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus?
Prevention through Vaccination Can hepatitis B be prevented? Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for: All infants All children and adolescents younger than 19 years of age who have not been vaccinated People at risk for infection by sexual exposure People whose sex partners have hepatitis B Sexually active people who are not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship for example, people with more than one sex partner in the past 6 months People seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection Men who have sex with men People at risk for infection by exposure to blood People who inject drugs People who live with someone who has hepatitis B People who live or work in facilities for people with developmental disabilities Health-care and public-safety workers at risk for exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids on the job People who receive hemodialysis People with diabetes who are 19—59 years of age people with diabetes who are age 60 or older should ask their health care professional.
International travelers to countries where hepatitis B is common People with hepatitis C virus infection People with chronic liver disease People with HIV infection People who are in jail or prison All other people seeking protection from hepatitis B virus infection Is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended before international travel?
No, getting extra doses of hepatitis B vaccine is not harmful. Symptoms Does acute short-term hepatitis B cause symptoms? Symptoms of acute hepatitis B can include: Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice yellow color in the skin or the eyes How soon after exposure to the hepatitis B virus will symptoms appear, and how long do they last?
What are the symptoms of chronic long-term hepatitis B? Tests How do I know if I have hepatitis B? Depending on the test, they can determine whether you have chronic or acute hepatitis B; are immune to hepatitis B after vaccination; or were infected in the past, have cleared the virus from your body, and are protected from future infection.
Treatment How is acute short-term hepatitis B treated? People recently diagnosed with hepatitis B should get vaccinated against hepatitis A and tested for hepatitis C; avoid drinking alcohol; follow a healthy diet and stay physically active, especially patients who are overweight i. Pregnant Women and their Newborns Are pregnant women tested for hepatitis B? Pregnant women and other adults who do not have immunity and who have a high chance of exposure should be vaccinated.
Healthy babies who weigh at least g 4. When a baby receives the first dose varies by each province and territory. Babies who are born early premature or who weigh less than g 4. When the other 2 hepatitis B shots are given to babies depends on whether the mother has hepatitis B and the recommended immunization schedule in the province or territory where the baby was born.
If you have questions about your baby's immunizations, talk with your doctor. Anyone 18 years of age or younger who has not previously received the hepatitis B vaccine should get it. Children adopted from countries where HBV infection is common should be tested for hepatitis B and get shots if they are not immune.
Adults who have not received the hepatitis B vaccine series should be immunized when they have an increased risk of exposure. Job, travel, health condition, or lifestyle all may increase a person's risk of contracting hepatitis B. People who live or work where there is risk of exposure include:.
People who have health conditions that put them at high risk for exposure or a severe infection include:. People whose lifestyle puts them at high risk for exposure include:. For certain people, such as those with impaired immune systems or who are at high risk of exposure to HBV, health professionals will want to perform a blood test to make sure the vaccine worked post-vaccination testing.
The hepatitis B vaccine Hep B gives long-term possibly lifelong protection from hepatitis B infection. Most people who get the vaccine do not have any problems.
But there may be soreness or tenderness where the shot was given or mild fever for a short time. Even though serious allergic reactions are rare with these vaccines, call your doctor or local health unit right away if you or your child has trouble breathing, a high fever, or anything unusual after having the shot.
A child who has had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of hepatitis B vaccine should not get another dose of this vaccine. They caught it from either another family member or someone else who came in contact with the child.
Because hepatitis B can be transmitted by relatively casual contact with items contaminated with blood of an infected person, and because many people who are infected with hepatitis B virus don't know that they have it, it is virtually impossible to be "careful enough" to avoid this infection.
For these reasons, all young children are recommended to receive the hepatitis B vaccine. The best time to receive the first dose is right after birth. Listen to Dr. Offit explain why newborns get the hepatitis B vaccine by watching this short video, part of the series Talking About Vaccines with Dr. Paul Offit. View this video with a transcript. The hepatitis B vaccine should be given to all teenagers and adults who have not yet received the hepatitis B vaccine or been infected with hepatitis B virus.
People may be exposed to the virus or bacteria at school or the store or when visiting family or friends. Not everyone responds to the hepatitis B vaccine. In fact, in a group of adults younger than 40 years of age who have received two doses of the vaccine only 75 of will be protected.
Following the third dose, this number will increase to 90 of However, people older than 40 years of age will be less likely to respond to the vaccine with increasing age.
Even if people do not respond to three doses, it does not mean that they are at high risk for hepatitis B. Because hepatitis B is transmitted primarily through blood and body fluids, using safety precautions while working will help decrease the chance of exposure to the disease. It is also possible that the immune response was not great enough to be measured by the laboratory test, but would still provide some level of protection upon exposure to hepatitis B.
The CDC recommends getting the three-dose series again if an immune response is not generated following the first series. About of every children and adults younger than 40 years of age do not respond to the third dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Some of these people will be recommended to get the series of three doses again. About 5 of people will still not respond after six doses. If these people are determined not to have chronic hepatitis B, they will be reliant on taking precautions to reduce the chance of exposure and relying on those around them for protection.
In other words, these people will be reliant on herd immunity. Every year in the United States about 2, people die following an overwhelming hepatitis B virus infection. In addition, every year about 22, people are infected with hepatitis B. Some of them will remain chronically infected, putting them at high risk of the long-term consequences of hepatitis B virus infection: cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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