Blood loss - when it is severe enough to affect blood volume and circulation, such as through surgery or an accident. Bleeding disorders - that can prevent the blood from clotting or lead to spontaneous bleeding. Pregnancy and childbirth - to combat anaemia or bleeding, or to prevent haemolytic disease of the newborn and immune platelet disorders. Autoimmune disorders - patients with immune disorders can rely on blood products made from plasma to live normal healthy lives.
Different types of blood collection The main ways in which blood is collected include: Whole blood homologous collection - whole blood is collected from the donor, separated into different components and the necessary components are given as a transfusion to people with compatible blood types. Apheresis collection - only some components, either plasma or platelets, are taken from the blood of the donor.
A machine separates the cells and gives the red blood cells, or red blood cells and plasma, back to the donor. Other less common ways in which blood is collected include: Autologous collection - before a scheduled operation or transfusion, a person donates blood specifically for their own use. This is often when the person has a rare or hard to find blood type or to create specific blood products for them.
Matched collection - where the donor has been identified as a match for a specific patient with a rare or complex blood group and has been asked to donate at a specific time to support that anonymous patient. These matched donations can end up anywhere in the world.
Transfusion adverse events Negative reactions to receiving a blood transfusion are very rare. A severe reaction may involve: breathing difficulties - which may be caused by severe allergic reaction anaphylaxis , bacterial infection , red cell breakdown or transfusion-related acute lung injury TRALI high fever and shaking low blood pressure dark urine aches and pains. Donating blood Blood supplies for transfusions rely upon blood being donated by volunteer blood donors.
A blood donor needs to: be aged between 18 and 75 years weigh at least 50 kg be in good health, including normal temperature and blood pressure meet guidelines designed to protect the donor and the people who will receive their blood. Blood matters consumer information , Department of Health, Victorian Government. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? Most of the time, a blood transfusion is done with only part of the blood.
You might be given one or more of these blood parts based on your needs. These types refer to molecules called antigens on the surfaces of blood cells. Rh factor is another type of antigen. Blood is either Rh positive or Rh negative. If a person gets the wrong type of blood, his or her immune system will react to it. This is a serious condition that can cause severe symptoms such as fever, muscles aches, and trouble breathing.
It can sometimes be fatal. These people can donate blood to anyone, and are known as universal donors. Different medical problems may need different types of blood transfusions. For example, after surgery you may need just RBCs. You might need plasma if you have a severe infection. A person being treated for cancer may need platelets. Your healthcare provider can tell you why you need a blood transfusion, and which type is best for you. An allergic reaction. This can be mild or severe.
Mild symptoms can include itching or rash. Severe symptoms can include trouble breathing, chest pain, or nausea. These symptoms may start soon after your blood transfusion or within the next 24 hours.
This can happen within a day of the blood transfusion. Destruction of red blood cells by the body hemolytic reaction. A hemolytic reaction happens when your body attacks the donated RBCs. Donated blood goes through a very careful matching process, so this reaction is very rare. If it does happen, it can cause chills, fever, kidney damage, and other serious symptoms. Symptoms can happen during the blood transfusion or in the next several hours. You'll be seated or lying down for the procedure, which usually takes one to four hours.
A nurse will monitor you throughout the procedure and take measures of your blood pressure, temperature and heart rate. Tell the nurse immediately if you develop:. The needle and IV line will be removed. You might develop a bruise around the needle site, but this should go away in a few days. Contact your health care provider if you develop shortness of breath or chest or back pain in the days immediately following a blood transfusion. You might need further blood testing to see how your body is responding to the donor blood and to check your blood counts.
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Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. You'll only be given blood that's safe for someone with your blood group. During a blood transfusion: You sit or lie down in a chair or bed. A needle is inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The needle is connected to a tube and a bag of blood. The blood runs through the tube into your vein. It can take up to 4 hours to receive 1 bag of blood, but it's usually quicker than this.
You can normally go home soon after, unless you're seriously unwell or need a lot of blood. How you might feel during and after You might feel a sharp prick when the needle is first inserted into your vein, but you should not feel anything during the transfusion.
Your arm or hand may ache and have a bruise for a few days after. Risks Blood transfusions are common and very safe procedures.
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